This application builds on iron-clay liner research at the University of Waterloo (Major, 1999), and ZVI-clay DNAPL research at the University of Waterloo and Colorado State University (Wadley & Gillham, 2005, Schackleford et al 2005), which has shown that small percentages of iron mixed with clay can significantly reduce the mass flux of chlorinated organic contaminants (and presumably certain inorganic contaminants) through thin clay layers.

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